牛津译林版 8B 现在完成时 +练习
现在完成时态
一、基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（V-ed）+宾语
I have=I've She has=She's
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词（V-ed）+宾语
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（V-ed）+宾语
回答仍用have/has
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句
Have/ Has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他
二、动词的过去分词
1）规则动词 +ed wait-wait-waited
2）规则动词 以e结尾，+d like-liked-liked
3）规则动词 辅音+y结尾，变y为ied cry-cried-cried
4）规则动词 重读闭音节，且一个辅音字母结尾，双写末字母+ed
plan-planned-planned
5）不规则动词 过去式不规则，过去分词于过去式一致。
buy-bought-bought
6）不规则动词 过去式、过去分词都一样的 cut-cut-cut
7）不规则动词 过去式、过去分词都不一样 take-took-taken
三、定义：
（1） 表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的，并于现在有着某种联系的动作。
关键词：
already 已经(用于肯定句，放在行为动词之前）
yet 还(用于否定句，放在句末)
已经（用于疑问句，放于句末）
just 刚刚（放在行为动词之前）
举例：
我已经吃过午饭了。
我还没有吃过午饭。
-你吃过午饭了吗？-不，没有
她刚刚吃过午饭。
（2）强调动作是从过去持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。
关键词：for+段时间
since+点时间
since+段时间+ago
since+从句（一般过去时）
举例:
我已经在这个城市住了五年了。
这种情况中，不能与短暂性动词连用，需换成延续性动词。
短暂性动词 延续性动词的现在完成时构成
become have been
buy have had
borrow have kept
start/begin have been on
finish have been over
arrive have been in/at
leave have been away
join have been in
catch a cold have had a cold
fall ill have been ill
fall asleep have been asleep
open have been open
close have been closed
举例：
1.这本书我已经借了三天了。
2.这个手机我已经买了三个月了。
3.这家超市已经关了半年了。
4.她已经感冒了二周了。
注意：在否定句中仍用短暂性动词
e.g.他自从2007还没有买新车。
（3）说话前发生过一次或多次，而现在已经形成经历或经验的动作或状态。
关键词：before、ever（疑问句）never（表否定）once、twice....
举例：
我以前看过这部电影。
你曾去过伦敦吗？
我从来没有听过这个消息。
四.
1.have /has been to表示“曾去过”,说明有某种经历；
2.have /has gone to表示“已去某地(在途中或已经到达目的地).常用于讨论第三者。
3.have/has been in 在某地呆了一段时间
举例：
他已经去过巴黎好多次了。
-你爸爸呢？-他去了超市。
我表哥已经在这个城市呆了十二年了。
现在完成时练习
- （）-Mr.Smith’s plane . -Let’s wait for him here. A
A.hasn’t arrived B.didn’t arrive C.doesn’t arrive D.couldn’t arrive
- -Have you taken your medicine today? -Yes,I took （take）it after breakfast.
- （）What action should they such a thing happening again? C
A.do stopping B.take stopping C.take to stop D.do to stop
- （）I saw a number of pancakes on the plate,but now there is left in it. A
A.none B.something C.nothing D.no one
- -When did Mary buy （buy）the car? -She has had （have）the car since she got （get）married.
- （）He’s never late for school, ？ A
A.is he B.has he C.isn’t he D.hasn’t he
- （）He has been like this the morning of last Monday. D
A.on B.in C.at D.since
- -Turn off the radio,dear. Baby is sleeping. -There is no need. He has waken （wake）up.
- （）-Do you mind my sitting here? - .The woman sitting here has just left. B
A.You’d better not B.Of course not C.Yes,please D.No,you can’t
- （）-What’s your mother doing now? -I’m not sure.I think she may clothes. B
A.wash B.be washing C.washes D.is washing
- （）-There are pieces of glass on the road. -Would you like with me. D
A.to move them away B.move away it C.moving them away D.to move it away
- How （excited）they are （have）snowball fights. EXCITEDLY, having
- （）-Isn’t it an interesting film?- .I fell asleep when I was watching TV. C
A.Yes,it is B.Yes,it isn’t C.No,it isn’t D.No,it is
- （）--Have you heard about the car accident near the school. --Yes,no one . C
A.hurt B.was hurt C.has hurt D.were hurt
15. The writer (接收) thousands of letters every month in the past. received
16. He (write) a novel last year. I want to know if he has finished yet. Wrote,
-She didn’t come to school, did she ?- , though she wasn’t feeling well. D
A.No,she didn’t B.Yes,she didn’t. C.No,she did. D. Yes, she did.
17. Everyone except the twins (hear) of the man recently. Has heard
18. She her hometown already. A
A .has left B. went away from C. have left D. has been away
19. A couple of years (pass) since the earthquake took place in Wenchuan. Has passed
20. My dictionary (miss). I have looked for it everywhere but still (find) it. Is missing; haven’t find
21. I don’t remember where and when I the fridge. B
A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy
- （）-- will the teachers come back? -- . C
A.How long,not until B.How log,Until C.How soon,Not until D.How soon,Until
- He will write to you when he （到达）in Beijing. arrives
- Sorry,you can’t use my eraser away. I （use）it. Am using
- （） great fun we had in the park! C
A.What a B.How a C.What D.How
- Not only he but also you (have）a new car now.His car is (beautiful) ever （see）. have; the most beautiful one I have ever seen
- -Have you seen Mr.Smith?-Yes,he （clean）his car over there.This way,please. Is cleaning
- （）He has a computer of his own.He it two days ago. B
A.has had B.bought C.had D.has bought
- It’s the second time I （visit) Hong Kong Disneyland. Have visited
- Great changes （take）place in the past. took
- （）I won’t go to the concert because I my ticket. B
A.lost B.have lost C.don’t lost D.will lost
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